Healthcare & Human Services · Behavioral & Mental Health

Clinical and Counseling Psychologists

Clinical and counseling psychologists diagnose and treat mental health conditions by talking with clients, understanding their problems, and helping them develop coping strategies. You'll need a doctoral degree and extensive preparation, but you can make a real difference in people's lives.

Median pay
$100,580
per year
Job outlook
+11%
much faster than average
Typical education
Doctoral degree
graduate degree
Preparation
Extensive
Job Zone 5

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What a clinical and counseling psychologist does

Clinical and counseling psychologists work directly with people to assess, diagnose, and treat psychological and emotional issues. You'll conduct interviews and assessments, listen carefully to understand each client's situation, and develop treatment plans tailored to their needs. Your days involve documenting client progress, staying current with research and best practices, and making decisions about the best therapeutic approaches. You might work in private practice, hospitals, clinics, schools, or community mental health centers. The work requires strong communication skills and the ability to build trust with people who are often vulnerable or in crisis.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Clinical and Counseling Psychologists earn a median of $100,580 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$55,170
Median$100,580
Highest 10%$180,960

The outlook is strong. Employment is projected to grow 11 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average for all occupations, with about 4,800 openings a year.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Reading comprehension
  • Active listening
  • Critical thinking
  • Writing
  • Speaking
  • Active learning

Knowledge areas

  • Therapy and counseling
  • Psychology
  • English language
  • Education and training
  • Customer and personal service
  • Sociology and anthropology

How to become a clinical and counseling psychologist

This career requires a doctoral degree in psychology or a related field, which typically takes five to seven years of graduate study after your bachelor's degree. During your doctoral program, you'll complete coursework in therapy, counseling, psychology, and research methods, along with supervised clinical experience. Many programs include a doctoral internship where you work under supervision in a real clinical setting. After earning your degree, you'll need to meet licensing requirements in your state, which may include passing an exam and completing additional supervised hours. Starting early with psychology courses and volunteer experience in mental health settings can help you prepare for graduate school.

Most paths to this career involve completing a bachelor's degree first, then applying to doctoral programs, so the timeline is substantial. Understanding your options and building a plan that fits your goals makes the journey clearer, so explore Pathly can map the clinical and counseling psychologist path that fits you with your counselor to map out the steps ahead.

Certifications and licensing

Many clinical and counseling psychologists must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology
Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards
CORE
Certification in Cognitive Therapy
Academy of Cognitive Therapy
ADVANCED
Certified Sexuality Counselor Supervisor
American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists
ADVANCED
Master Counselor in Addictions
The Breining Institute
ADVANCED
Certification of Clinical Hypnosis
American Society of Clinical Hypnosis
ADVANCED
Approved Consultant in Clinical Hypnosis
American Society of Clinical Hypnosis

Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.

Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You're drawn to work that centers on understanding people, building relationships, and helping others solve problems. This career suits people who are naturally curious about human behavior and motivated by the chance to support others through difficult times.

Explore a career as a clinical and counseling psychologist with Pathly

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Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).