A computer programmer writes, tests, and maintains the code that makes software and applications work. It is detail-oriented, problem-solving work that requires a bachelor's degree and strong analytical skills. Here is what the role involves, what it takes to succeed, and how to break in.
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Computer programmers write and debug code that powers software applications, websites, and systems. You spend most of your time working with computers, analyzing data, and solving technical problems. The work involves getting information from stakeholders, making decisions about how to structure code, and thinking creatively about solutions. You read and write documentation, monitor how programs perform, and update code as needs change. Attention to detail matters because small errors can break entire systems. You may work on projects alone or collaborate with other developers and engineers.
Core work activities
Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.
Computer Programmers earn a median of $100,390 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.
The outlook is softer here. Employment is projected to fall 6 percent from 2024 to 2034, though there are still about 5,500 openings a year from turnover.
Top skills
Knowledge areas
Most computer programmer roles require a bachelor's degree in computer science, software engineering, or a related field. Your coursework will cover programming languages, data structures, algorithms, and software design principles. During your studies, you will build projects that demonstrate your ability to write clean, functional code. Many programs include internships or capstone projects that give you real-world experience. After graduation, you can start applying for entry-level programmer positions. Some people strengthen their candidacy by contributing to open-source projects or building a portfolio of personal work.
The main route is earning a bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field. Since the path involves significant study and preparation, Pathly can map the computer programmer path that fits you with your counselor to map out your timeline and make sure the work aligns with how you like to spend your time.
You do not need a license to work as a computer programmer, but professional certifications can strengthen your resume.
Common certifications
You are organized, detail-focused, and logical. You enjoy working through problems systematically and following established processes. You prefer clear guidelines and measurable outcomes.
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Last updated July 1, 2026.
Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).