Construction · Skilled Trades

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters install and maintain the pipes and systems that deliver water, gas, and steam to homes, businesses, and job sites. It is hands-on, in demand, and you can start without a four-year degree. Here is what the work involves, what it takes, and how to get in.

Median pay
$63,800
per year
Job outlook
+5%
faster than average
Typical education
Certificate
no four-year degree
Preparation
Medium
Job Zone 3

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What a plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter does

You install, repair, and maintain piping systems for water, gas, heating, and steam. Your day involves reading blueprints and design specifications, inspecting pipes and fixtures for leaks or damage, and making decisions about how to solve problems on the job. You handle tools and materials, perform physical work in tight spaces, and communicate with customers about their needs. You also keep records and may manage aspects of a job. The work requires both precision and problem-solving under pressure.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters earn a median of $63,800 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$44,150
Median$63,800
Highest 10%$108,420

The outlook is strong. Employment is projected to grow 5 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than average for all occupations, with about 44,000 openings a year.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Critical thinking
  • Monitoring
  • Speaking
  • Active listening
  • Reading comprehension
  • Writing

Knowledge areas

  • Building and construction
  • Mechanical
  • Design
  • Mathematics
  • Customer and personal service
  • Administration and management

How to become a plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter

Most plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters earn a certificate through a trade program before entering the field. You will study building and construction, mechanical systems, design, and mathematics. Many programs combine classroom learning with hands-on training. After certification, you typically apprentice on the job, learning from experienced workers while earning wages. During this time, you develop critical thinking and monitoring skills by troubleshooting systems and inspecting work. Your reading, writing, and math skills grow as you interpret codes and specifications.

Your path typically starts with a certificate program paired with on-the-job apprenticeship. If you are deciding between different training routes or timelines, Pathly can map the plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter path that fits you with your counselor to map out the steps that fit your situation.

Certifications and licensing

Many plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitters must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
Plumber Assessment
National Center for Construction Education and Research
CORE
UPC Journeyman Plumber
National Inspection, Testing and Certification Corporation
CORE
Plumbing
National Center for Construction Education and Research
CORE
Journey Level Pipefitter-Steamfitter
National Inspection, Testing and Certification Corporation
CORE
Commercial Plumbing Inspector
International Code Council
ADVANCED
Backflow Prevention Assembly Tester
California-Nevada Section of the American Water Works Association

Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.

Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You are drawn to hands-on work with tools and systems. You like solving concrete problems, paying close attention to detail, and working in the real world where you can see the results of your effort.

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Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).