Environmental economists analyze how economic activity affects the natural world and develop solutions that balance growth with environmental protection. You'll need a doctoral degree and strong analytical skills. Here is what the work involves, what it takes to get there, and whether it fits you.
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Environmental economists study the relationship between the economy and the environment. You analyze data to understand how policies, markets, and human behavior shape natural resources and ecosystems. You interpret complex information for policymakers, businesses, and the public. Your work involves processing large datasets, staying current with economic and environmental research, and using specialized software to model scenarios. You write reports, present findings, and help organizations understand the economic costs and benefits of environmental decisions.
Core work activities
Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.
Environmental Economists earn a median of $124,720 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.
The outlook is modest. Employment is projected to grow 1 percent from 2024 to 2034, little or no change for all occupations, with about 900 openings a year.
Top skills
Knowledge areas
This career requires a doctoral degree, typically in economics, environmental science, or a related field. You will complete extensive coursework in mathematics, economics, and environmental policy. Most programs include research components where you develop expertise in data analysis and economic modeling. Before pursuing a doctorate, you may earn a bachelor's degree in economics or environmental studies, then move into graduate study. Strong preparation in mathematics and writing during your undergraduate years will support your success in doctoral programs.
The main route to this career is earning a doctoral degree after completing your bachelor's work. The timeline and program fit matter, so if you are exploring whether this path aligns with your goals and timeline, Pathly can map the environmental economist path that fits you and work through it with your counselor to build a realistic plan.
You do not need a license to work as an environmental economist, but professional certifications can strengthen your resume.
Common certifications
You are drawn to research, analysis, and solving complex problems using data and theory. You enjoy reading deeply, thinking critically, and communicating findings clearly to different audiences.
Reading about a career is the easy part. Turning it into a plan is where most students get stuck. Pathly takes you from curious to a clear next step, and gives your counselor the insight to champion you along the way.
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Last updated July 1, 2026.
Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).