Economists analyze data and information to interpret economic trends and inform decision-making. The work is analytical and research-driven. You'll need a master's degree and strong skills in mathematics and critical thinking to enter the field.
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Economists study economic data and trends to help organizations and policymakers understand market conditions and make informed decisions. You'll spend time analyzing information, working with computers, and getting data from various sources. A big part of the job is interpreting what the numbers mean and explaining those findings to others. You'll also stay current with economic theory and research methods. The work requires you to process complex information, update your knowledge regularly, and communicate your insights clearly through writing and speaking.
Core work activities
Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.
Economists earn a median of $124,720 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.
The outlook is modest. Employment is projected to grow 1 percent from 2024 to 2034, little or no change for all occupations, with about 900 openings a year.
Top skills
Knowledge areas
Economists typically need a master's degree to enter the field, which represents extensive preparation. Your education will focus on mathematics, economics and accounting, and research methods. During your studies, you'll develop skills in critical thinking, mathematics, reading comprehension, and writing. You'll also learn to use computers and statistical software. The path is rigorous and knowledge-intensive, so plan for graduate-level coursework and be prepared to build expertise in data analysis and economic theory before you start working.
Most economists pursue a master's degree after completing their undergraduate work. The timeline and program fit matter, so if you're deciding between programs or want to map out the full path, Pathly can map the economist path that fits you and work through it with your counselor to make sure the plan fits your goals.
You do not need a license to work as an economist, but professional certifications can strengthen your resume.
Common certifications
You're a good fit for economics if you enjoy investigating problems, analyzing data, and thinking critically about complex information. Strong math skills and curiosity about how systems work are essential.
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Last updated July 1, 2026.
Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).