Public Service & Safety · Military & National Security

Detectives and Criminal Investigators

Detectives and criminal investigators solve crimes by gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and analyzing information. It is hands-on, in demand, and you can start with a high school education. Here is what the work involves, what it takes, and how to get in.

Median pay
$93,790
per year
Job outlook
-1%
projected to decline
Typical education
High school
no degree required
Preparation
Medium
Job Zone 3

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What a detective and criminal investigator does

Detectives and criminal investigators gather and analyze evidence from crime scenes. You interview witnesses and suspects, document findings, and communicate with supervisors and other agencies about your cases. You make decisions about investigative direction and present your work to prosecutors and in court. The role requires strong critical thinking to piece together complex information and active listening to draw out details from people. You work directly with the public and other law enforcement professionals to solve cases.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Detectives and Criminal Investigators earn a median of $93,790 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$55,390
Median$93,790
Highest 10%$160,540

The outlook is softer here. Employment is projected to fall 1 percent from 2024 to 2034, though there are still about 7,800 openings a year from turnover.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Active listening
  • Speaking
  • Critical thinking
  • Reading comprehension
  • Active learning
  • Monitoring

Knowledge areas

  • Law and government
  • Public safety and security
  • English language
  • Customer and personal service
  • Psychology
  • Computers and electronics

How to become a detective and criminal investigator

You can start with a high school diploma or equivalent. Most detectives begin as patrol officers or other law enforcement roles and move into investigation work after gaining experience. The path typically involves on-the-job training and learning the legal and procedural knowledge required for investigative work. You will develop skills in active listening, critical thinking, and written communication through your early roles. Some agencies offer formal training programs or apprenticeships to prepare you for detective work.

Most detectives come up through patrol or other law enforcement roles. If you are exploring how to move into investigation work, Pathly can map the detective and criminal investigator path that fits you and turn it into a step-by-step plan with your counselor.

Certifications and licensing

You do not need a license to work as a detective and criminal investigator, but professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
Professional Polygraph Examiner
International Security Certification Board
CORE
National Basic Crime Scene Investigator
Law and Public Safety Education Network
CORE
Certified Fraud Examiner
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
CORE
Certified Legal Investigator
National Association of Legal Investigators
CORE
Certified Law Enforcement Analysts
International Association of Crime Analysts
ADVANCED
Diplomate of the American Board of Criminalistics
American Board of Criminalistics
Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You are drawn to investigative work that involves solving problems, analyzing information, and uncovering the truth through careful observation and logical reasoning.

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Related careers

Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).