An optometrist examines eyes, diagnoses vision problems, and prescribes corrective lenses and treatments. It requires a doctoral degree and extensive preparation. Here is what the work involves, what it takes, and how to get in.
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Optometrists perform comprehensive eye exams and assess vision health. You diagnose refractive errors, eye diseases, and other conditions affecting sight. You prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and medications. You also counsel patients on eye care and disease prevention. The work involves careful listening to understand patient concerns, critical thinking to solve complex vision problems, and detailed documentation of findings. You work directly with patients in a clinical setting, staying current with advances in vision science and treatment options.
Core work activities
Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.
Optometrists earn a median of $136,570 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.
The outlook is strong. Employment is projected to grow 8 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average for all occupations, with about 2,400 openings a year.
Top skills
Knowledge areas
You need a doctoral degree in optometry, which requires extensive preparation. Before applying to optometry school, complete prerequisite coursework in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics at the undergraduate level. Optometry programs typically take four years to complete and include classroom instruction and clinical practice. During your studies, you will develop skills in reading comprehension, active listening, and science. After graduation, you must meet licensing requirements in your state to practice independently.
The path to optometry requires a doctoral degree and significant preparation, so planning ahead matters. Use Pathly can map the optometrist path that fits you to map out your prerequisites and education timeline, and work with your counselor to stay on track.
Many optometrists must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.
Common certifications
Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.
You are drawn to investigative work that combines science with direct patient care. You enjoy solving complex problems, learning continuously, and helping others see clearly.
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Last updated July 1, 2026.
Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).