Education · Learner Support & Community Engagement

Interpreters and Translators

Interpreters and translators convert spoken and written language between different languages. You bridge communication gaps for individuals, organizations, and communities. The work is detail-oriented, relies on strong language skills, and typically requires a bachelor's degree.

Median pay
$60,170
per year
Job outlook
+2%
little or no change
Typical education
Bachelor's degree
four-year degree
Preparation
Considerable
Job Zone 4

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What an interpreter and translator does

Interpreters and translators help people who speak different languages understand each other. You may interpret conversations in real time, translate written documents, or both. The work demands precision with grammar, vocabulary, and cultural context. You establish trust with clients, stay current with language changes and specialized terminology, and often work in high-stakes settings like healthcare, legal proceedings, education, or business. You listen actively, read carefully, and communicate clearly under pressure.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Interpreters and Translators earn a median of $60,170 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$37,070
Median$60,170
Highest 10%$103,660

The outlook is modest. Employment is projected to grow 2 percent from 2024 to 2034, little or no change for all occupations, with about 6,900 openings a year.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Speaking
  • Active listening
  • Reading comprehension
  • Writing
  • Monitoring
  • Critical thinking

Knowledge areas

  • English language
  • Foreign language
  • Customer and personal service
  • Education and training
  • Administrative
  • Public safety and security

How to become an interpreter and translator

Most interpreters and translators earn a bachelor's degree, often in a foreign language, linguistics, or a related field. Your education builds deep fluency in at least two languages and introduces translation or interpretation techniques. Beyond the degree, many pursue specialized training in fields like medical or legal interpretation. You'll also develop your skills through practice, ongoing language study, and real-world experience. Job Zone 4 preparation means considerable time and effort to reach proficiency.

Most paths to this career start with a bachelor's degree in a foreign language or related field. If you're deciding between different educational routes or want to map out your next steps, Pathly can map the interpreter and translator path that fits you with your counselor to build a plan that fits your timeline and goals.

Certifications and licensing

Many interpreter and translators must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
Certified Level Sign Language
American Sign Language Teachers Association
ADVANCED
Master Level Sign Language
American Sign Language Teachers Association
ADVANCED
ACTFL Limited Oral Proficiency Interview Certification
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
ADVANCED
ACTFL Reading Proficiency Test
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
ADVANCED
Core Certification Healthcare Interpreter
Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters
ADVANCED
National Interpreter Certification
Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf

Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.

Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You value accuracy, organization, and clear communication. You're comfortable following established procedures and standards. You work well with people and take pride in getting the details right.

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Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).