Public Service & Safety · Emergency Response

Firefighters

Firefighters respond to emergencies, extinguish fires, and assist people in crisis. The work is physically demanding, mentally sharp, and directly saves lives. You can enter this career with a high school diploma and on-the-job training.

Median pay
$59,280
per year
Job outlook
+3%
about as fast as average
Typical education
High school
no degree required
Preparation
Medium
Job Zone 3

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What a firefighter does

Firefighters inspect equipment, structures, and materials to prevent hazards and prepare for emergencies. They operate vehicles and equipment, respond to calls, and provide immediate care to people in distress. The role involves making quick decisions under pressure, gathering critical information at scenes, and performing physically demanding tasks. Firefighters also educate the public about fire safety and building codes. Much of the work happens in teams, both in the station and in the field during active emergencies.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Firefighters earn a median of $59,280 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$34,910
Median$59,280
Highest 10%$101,040

The outlook is steady. Employment is projected to grow 3 percent from 2024 to 2034, about as fast as average for all occupations, with about 27,100 openings a year.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Critical thinking
  • Speaking
  • Active learning
  • Monitoring
  • Active listening
  • Reading comprehension

Knowledge areas

  • Public safety and security
  • Customer and personal service
  • Education and training
  • Building and construction
  • English language
  • Mechanical

How to become a firefighter

Most positions require a high school diploma or equivalent. You will complete a formal training program that covers fire science, emergency response, and safety protocols. Physical fitness testing is standard. Many departments require certification through a formal credentialing process before you can work independently. Some candidates gain experience as volunteers first. The path typically involves classroom instruction, hands-on drills, and supervised field work before you are ready for full duty.

Most firefighters enter through a formal academy or training program, often run by local fire departments or community colleges. The timeline and specific requirements vary by location, so if you are exploring options in your area, Pathly can map the firefighter path that fits you and work through the steps with your school counselor or a career advisor.

Certifications and licensing

Many firefighters must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
Certified Hazard Recognition Specialist
National Fire Protection Association
CORE
Certified Wildfire Mitigation Specialist
National Fire Protection Association
CORE
WSO - Certified Hazardous Materials Technician I
World Safety Organization
ADVANCED
Firefighter Type 2
National Wildfire Coordinating Group
ADVANCED
Airport Fire Officer
Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Training Alliance
ADVANCED
Sartech III
National Association for Search and Rescue

Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.

Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You are drawn to hands-on, practical work and thrive in active environments. You solve problems on your feet, stay calm under pressure, and care about helping others directly.

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Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).