Epidemiologists analyze data to understand and control disease outbreaks in communities. The work is investigative and analytical, grounded in science and mathematics. You will need a master's degree and strong critical thinking skills to enter the field.
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Epidemiologists investigate patterns of disease and health conditions in populations. You will analyze data, interpret findings, and communicate results to other health professionals and the public. The work involves studying how diseases spread, identifying risk factors, and recommending prevention strategies. You will use computers to process large datasets, stay current with medical and biological research, and solve complex public health problems. This is desk-based and field-based work that requires precision and the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from information.
Core work activities
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Epidemiologists earn a median of $87,220 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.
The outlook is strong. Employment is projected to grow 16 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average for all occupations, with about 800 openings a year.
Top skills
Knowledge areas
You will need a master's degree in epidemiology, public health, or a related field. Most programs require a bachelor's degree first, typically in biology, chemistry, mathematics, or a health science. During your studies, you will develop skills in data analysis, research methods, and health communication. Job Zone 5 preparation means extensive education and training. Consider internships or research positions in public health agencies or academic institutions to build experience alongside your degree work.
Most epidemiologists earn a master's degree after completing a bachelor's degree, which typically takes six years total. The path depends on your background and how quickly you want to move forward, so if you are planning your route, Pathly can map the epidemiologist path that fits you and turn it into a step-by-step plan with your counselor.
You do not need a license to work as an epidemiologist, but professional certifications can strengthen your resume.
Common certifications
You are drawn to investigative work that relies on data, analysis, and problem-solving. You enjoy uncovering patterns, asking critical questions, and using evidence to inform decisions about health and safety.
Reading about a career is the easy part. Turning it into a plan is where most students get stuck. Pathly takes you from curious to a clear next step, and gives your counselor the insight to champion you along the way.
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Last updated July 1, 2026.
Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).