Supply Chain & Transportation · Marine Transportation

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels

Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels operate and navigate ships, ferries, and other vessels. You manage crew, make critical decisions at sea, and ensure safe passage. You can start with a high school diploma and build from there.

Median pay
$92,460
per year
Job outlook
+1%
little or no change
Typical education
High school
no degree required
Preparation
Medium
Job Zone 3

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What a captain, mate, and pilot of water vessels does

You operate and control water vessels, from cargo ships to ferries. You navigate using charts, instruments, and geographic knowledge. You inspect equipment and structures to ensure everything is safe and working. You identify hazards and make decisions to protect your crew and cargo. You monitor systems and processes while underway. You communicate clearly with your crew and other vessels. You follow maritime law and safety regulations. The work is hands-on and demands constant attention to detail and conditions.

Core work activities

Career video courtesy of CareerOneStop.

Salary and job outlook

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels earn a median of $92,460 a year, based on 2025 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay rises with experience, specialty, and location.

Lowest 10%$47,420
Median$92,460
Highest 10%$170,640

The outlook is modest. Employment is projected to grow 1 percent from 2024 to 2034, little or no change for all occupations, with about 4,300 openings a year.

Skills and knowledge you need

Top skills

  • Speaking
  • Monitoring
  • Active listening
  • Critical thinking
  • Reading comprehension
  • Writing

Knowledge areas

  • Transportation
  • Public safety and security
  • Mechanical
  • Law and government
  • English language
  • Geography

How to become a captain, mate, and pilot of water vessels

Most captains, mates, and pilots start with a high school diploma. You'll then pursue specialized training in maritime operations and navigation. Many enter through apprenticeships or maritime academies that combine classroom learning with on-the-job experience. You'll need to develop knowledge of transportation systems, public safety, mechanical operations, and maritime law. The path typically involves starting in entry-level deck positions and advancing through ranks as you gain experience and complete required training.

Your route depends on whether you prefer accelerated academy training or a slower apprenticeship path while working. Both get you to the wheelhouse, so explore Pathly can map the captain, mate, and pilot of water vessels path that fits you with your counselor to map out the timeline and costs that fit your situation.

Certifications and licensing

Many captain, mate, and pilot of water vesselss must be licensed, and professional certifications can strengthen your resume.

Common certifications

CORE
National Limitedtowing Vessels GL-IN & WR
United States Coast Guard National Maritime Center
CORE
National Mate UFIV
United States Coast Guard National Maritime Center
CORE
Coastal Passagemaking
J World
CORE
National Apprentice Mate (Steersman) OC, NC, GL-IN, WR
United States Coast Guard National Maritime Center
CORE
Basic Cruising Certification
J World
CORE
Coastal Navigation Certification
J World

Licensing is handled at the state level and the requirements vary, so check the licensing board in your state. Pathly shows your state's specific steps inside your roadmap.

Certification and licensing data provided by CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Is this a good fit for you?

You like working with your hands and mind together. You're practical, detail-oriented, and comfortable making decisions under pressure. You thrive in environments where mechanical systems and real-world problem-solving matter most.

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Last updated July 1, 2026.

Data sources. Career details from the O*NET 30.3 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Salary and outlook figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025 wages; 2024–2034 projections), delivered via the CareerOneStop API. Certification, licensing, wage, and outlook data from CareerOneStop, sponsored by USDOL/ETA and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).